Earth observation in urban monitoring : Techniques and challenges / edited by Amit Kumar, Prashant K. Srivastava, Purabi Saikia, Rajesh Kumar Mall.

1 Introduction to earth observation in urban monitoring
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Urban complexities
1.3 Needs for urban monitoring
1.4 Earth observations in urban monitoring
1.5 Conclusions
References
2 Major challenges in the urbanizing world and role of earth observations for livable cities
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Major urban challenges faced by the global cities
2.2.1 Wastes disposal and management
2.2.2 Slum proliferation
2.2.3 Traffic congestion 2.2.4 Environmental pollution
2.2.5 Urban microclimate and climate change
2.2.6 Impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services
2.3 Impacts of geoenvironmental hazards in global cities
2.3.1 Urban heat island and heat waves in cities
2.3.2 Urban flooding
2.3.3 Earthquakes and landslides especially in mountainous cities
2.3.4 Tsunami, sea level rise, and inundation: issues to coastal cities
2.4 Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction strategies
2.5 Challenges in the implementation of urban planning strategies
2.6 Conclusions
References 3 The role of nocturnal earth observation in urban environment monitoring
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Applications of DMSP/OLS
3.3 Visible infrared imaging radiometer suite
3.4 Applications of VIIRS
3.5 Other systems
3.6 Case studies
3.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
4 Surveying techniques for urban areas
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Types of modern surveying
4.2.1 Automatic level
4.2.2 Total station
4.2.3 Aerial laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning
4.2.4 Global navigation satellite system
4.2.5 Unmanned aerial vehicle
4.2.6 Remote sensing 4.2.7 Geographical information system
4.3 Case study: urban river width mapping using unmanned aerial vehicle
4.3.1 Study area
4.3.2 Methodology adopted
4.3.3 Results and discussion
4.4 Pros and cons of various surveying tools
4.5 Conclusions
References
5 Geoinformation for integrated urban water resource management
5.1 Introduction
5.2 A case study
5.2.1 Water management network in Rajkot
5.3 Integrated water management in Rajkot City
5.3.1 Geographical characteristics
5.3.2 Runoff estimation and distribution priority of rainwater harvesting 5.3.3 Scenario analysis
5.3.4 Assessment of possible water harvesting sites using the natural DEM
5.3.5 Current scenario of stormwater management in Rajkot
5.3.6 Recommendations
5.3.7 Proposed road section designed to minimize runoff
5.3.8 Rain garden concept
5.3.9 Gray water recycles and reuse
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 Advances in remote sensing in measuring urban heat island effect and its management
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Urban heat island and its impacts
6.2.1 Increased energy consumption and air pollution
6.2.2 Heat stress and thermal discomfort
6.2.3 Evapotranspiration and precipitation 7 Impact of seasonality and land use changes on urban heat island using earth-observing satellites
8 Using PlanetScope imagery and GEOBIA to map urban green spaces
9 Deep learning approach for monitoring urban land cover changes
10 Earth observation applications for urban mapping and monitoring: research prospects, opportunities and challenges
11 Earth observations and AIML for urban growth modeling
12 Monitoring urban ecological conditions using remote sensing
13 Landscape modeling for management of the urban environment
14 Artificial intelligence for sustainable urban climate studies
15 Geoinformation for urban Geoenvironmental hazard-risk and vulnerability assessment
16 Nature-based solutions and ecological urban planning and design for the sustainable urban environments
17 Shrinking urban green spaces, increasing vulnerability: solving the conundrum of the demand-supply gap in an urbanizing city
18 Earth observation for urban policies and future pathways for urban environmental research